Random Forest
AUC 0.720
i
Model Performance & Methods
Cross-validation:
Spatial Group K-fold
Imbalance handling:
SMOTE
Feature importance:
SHAP values
Sample size:
n = 144 points
Key thresholds:
• Litter depth ≥ 5 cm
• DBH ≥ 40 cm
• Vegetation cover ≥ 40%